Burglar Alarm 4 in 1 Schema

In this circuit ( Burglar Alarm 4 in 1 ), the alarm will be switched on under the following four different conditions:
1. When light falls on LDR1 (at the entry to the premises).
2. When light falling on LDR2 is obstructed.
3. When door switches are opened or a wire is broken.
4. When a handle is touched.

The light dependent resistor LDR1 should be placed in darkness near the door lock or handle etc. If an intruder flashes his torch, its light will fall on LDR1, reducing the voltage drop across it and so also the voltage applied to trigger 1 (pin 6) of IC1. Thus transistor T2 will get forward biased and relay RL1 energise and operate the alarm. Sensitivity of LDR1 can be adjusted by varying preset VR1. LDR2 may be placed on one side of a corridor such that the beam of light from a light source always falls on it.

When an intruder passes through the corridor, his shadow falls on LDR2. As a result voltage drop across LDR2 increases and pin 8 of IC1 goes low while output pin 9 of IC1 goes high. Transistor T2 gets switched on and the relay operates to set the alarm. The sensitivity of LDR2 can be adjusted by varying potentiometer VR2. A long but very thin wire may be connected between the points A and B or C and D across a window or a door. This long wire may even be used to lock or tie something. If anyone cuts or breaks this wire, the alarm will be switched on as pin 8 or 6 will go low. In place of the wire between points A and B or C and D door switches can be connected.

4 in 1 Burglar Alarm

These switches should be fixed on the door in such a way that when the door is closed the switch gets closed and when the door is open the switch remains open. If the switches or wire, are not used between these points, the points should be shorted. With the help of a wire, connect the touch point (P) with the handle of a door or some other suitable object made of conducting material. When one touches this handle or the other connected object, pin 6 of IC1 goes ‘low’. So the alarm and the relay gets switched on.

Remember that the object connected to this touch point should be well insulated from ground. For good touch action, potentiometer VR3 should be properly adjusted. If potentiometer VR3 tapping is held more towards ground, the alarm will get switched on even without touching. In such a situation, the tapping should be raised. But the tapping point should not be raised too much as the touch action would then vanish.

When you vary potentiometer VR1, re-adjust the sensitivity of the touch point with the help of potentiometer VR3 properly. If the alarm has a voltage rating of other than 6V (more than 6V), or if it draws a high current (more than 150 mA), connect it through the relay points as shown by the dotted lines. As a burglar alarm, battery backup is necessary for this circuit. Note: Electric sparking in the vicinity of this circuit may cause false triggering of the circuit. To avoid this adjust potentiometer VR3 properly.

Schema Signal Detector 2.45GHz RF

This passive RF indicator is made from a few simple parts. A 100uA moving coil meter is used to display the relative intensity of the RF signal. This circuit can be used with some cellphones and many cordless telephones.

2.45GHz RF Signal Detector

Antenna Tuning Unit Schema

Antenna Tuning Unit Schema Description:
A simple passive (no power required) circuit to match an antenna to a radio receiver. This will be a useful addition to the short wave listener, but in addition a medium wave coil is almost used to tune the medium wave band.

Notes:
An aerial tuning unit (A.T.U.) is a useful accessory for any radio listener as it matches the antennas resonant length to the received frequency, increasing gain and reducing spurious signals. The A.T.U. does not provide gain, but provides a better match between antenna and receiver, which usually gives an increase on the signal meter of the receiver, due to the A.T.U's resonant filter.

The circuit is a standard Pi filter, consisting of two variable capacitors C1 and C2 and a multi tapped coil L1. Switch S1 is used to select the tapping points and C1 and C2 peak up on the received signal. In this circuit an additional MW coil, L2 is used. This has a value around 200uH and can be salvaged from an old AM radio. In this position the A.T.U. can tune down to the medium waveband.

Coil Details:
To make L1, which is an air space inductor, use a 1 inch diameter former, a short section of an old brush handle made from wood is suitable. The coil is made from 22 swg enamel covered copper wire. The coil has 60 turns and is tapped at 3,4,6,8,11,15,20,30,40 and 50 turns. Coil L2 is connected in series with L1 at the 60th turn. L2 is wound on a 3 inch length of 3/8 diameter ferrite and has 60 turns of 32 swg, or one can be salvaged from an old AM radio. Each tapping point is connected to the contacts on S1, to make this easier I used some small galvanised nails hammered into the wood former. Below is a picture of my A.T.U.

In use this Antenna Tuner works best with a Long or Random wire antenna. As little as 5 metres of copper or aluminium wire suspended and insulated at each end in a garden will make an efficient antenna. The noise will also be lower than if using a receiver indoors. In use, the receiver is tuned to a frequency, S1 is turned for strongest signal and then C1 and C2 adjusted for best reception.

Eduardo from Brazil has just finished making his ATU and a very nice picture of his ATU is shown below.

TV Antenna Booster 15dB UHF

This is an UHF band TV antenna preamplifier circuit With 15dB gain to build easily. It is formed based on BF180 UHF Transistor. The first stage is an band pass filter constructed by the C1, CV1, L1, L4, C7 and C3, the second stage is a base-common voltage amplifier with low input impedance to match.

TV Antenna Booster 15dB UHF Schema

Build the L1 ~ L4 as air core coil to obtain high Q-Factor. After assembling, pack it into a proper metallic box and connect the ground of the circuit to the box to reduce noise effect.

Audio Amplifier LM386 0,325W

The LM386 is a power amplifier designed for use in low voltage consumer applications. The gain is internally set to 20 to keep external part count low, but the addition of an external resistor and capacitor between pins 1 and 8 will increase the gain to any value from 20 to 200.

Audio Amplifier LM386 0,325W Shema

The inputs are ground referenced while the output automatically
biases to one-half the supply voltage. The quiescent
power drain is only 24 milliwatts when operating from a 6 volt
supply, making the LM386 ideal for battery operation.

Features
n Battery operation
n Minimum external parts
n Wide supply voltage range: 4V–12V or 5V–18V
n Low quiescent current drain: 4mA
n Voltage gains from 20 to 200
n Ground referenced input
n Self-centering output quiescent voltage
n Low distortion: 0.2% (AV = 20, VS = 6V, RL = 8W, PO =
125mW, f = 1kHz)
n Available in 8 pin MSOP package

Cut Phone Line Alarm Schema

Burglars, rapists and other criminals will often cut a phone line before they break into a home. The cut phone line will prevent many alarm systems from alerting the police. The battery powered circuit below will sound an alarm when the unit no longer detects the voltage present on an active phone line.

Cut Phone Line Alarm Schema

A bridge rectifier front end makes the circuit phone line polarity independent. It shows four 1N4004 diodes being used but you can also use a standard low current bridge rectifier package with a 200v rating or more. The bridge is wired so the output voltage goes negative relative to circuit ground. The phone line will typically be somewhere around 30v when in standby mode and drop to something less than 15v when a phone is connected to the line. In the circuit, this translates a negative voltage fed to the gate of the 2N7000 FET, which kept the transistor turned off. When the phone line is cut, the voltage fed to the gate of the FET will swing to +9v, which will turn on the FET. When Q1 turns on, it also turns on Q2, which routes power to a 555 timer circuit. The 555 timer is wired as a 1Hz square wave oscillator, which drives the transistor Q3. That transistor drives an alarm beeper. With the components shown, the circuit draws nearly zero current in standby mode. Therefore a good quality 9v battery should last for many years.

18v AC to DC Power Inventer

This is a classic linear power supply which produces a regulated 18v, rated at about 1 amp.

POWER INVENTER 240VAC TO 5VDC

This is simple way to power some 5v logic from a 240vac source. If a 120vac power adapter is used, the circuit will also work for 120vac power lines.

ReFlex Charger For Batteries NiCd and NiMH

TRXCharger - Reflex charger for NiCd and NiMH batteries


Disclaimer

1. Each uses the information provided at your own risk.
2. I am liable in any way for any damages incurred by the circuits or other information from my side.
3. I assume no warranty and no guarantee function for error-free.
4. The indicated circuits can only be put into operation by a professional who has the necessary knowledge of electronics and knows the relevant safety regulations.

Description:

• TRXCharger is a small but very powerful charger for nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. It is designed to charging with high currents after the reflex even single-cell battery load with high efficiency can be. The charge current can be set with a one-button operation in 15 steps (typically 300 mA, 600 mA ... 4500 mA). The end of charging is reliably detected by prediction of the stress maximum. As security is used in addition a "dU" recognition and a timeout. To the formation of new batteries is a normal charge mode (C/10) is implemented with time off.
• Essentially, the circuit from the small ATTiny26 micro controller from Atmel, two power MOSFETs, a 470 uF capacitor and a 100 uH coil. The current control and the charging process are realized by software.
• In fast charge mode is loaded with the set current. To reliably identify the optimal end of charge time, the stream should not be less than C / 2 to be elected (with C is the current in amperes (A) refers to any of the specified nominal battery capacity in ampere-hours (Ah)) represents .
• The charge current when the charge is slowly increased until the nominal current. The summons shall be used in the illustrated cycle:

• T_1: Duration of a cycle - about 1:02 s
• T_2: Charging with constant current - about 1 s
• T_3: pause between loading and unloading - about 1 ms
• T_4: Pause for measuring the battery voltage and for example Communication with the computer - about 10 ms
• T_5: duration of a discharge pulse ramp, depending on the maximum discharge current, battery voltage and inductor used - typically 200 us

In the current firmware of the battery with three successive discharge pulses with four times the charge current is applied as a peak.

ReFlex Charger Features:

1. Charge current up to about 6 A
2. Simple and small structure (single sided: 75x50 mm) and no active cooling, and no heatsink required
3. Reflex Laden; triple charge termination: peak prediction,-dU, max. 3h
4. Soft start in the fast charge mode
5. Normal charge (Closing time is 14 hours)
6. One-button operation
7. 30 different selectable charge currents (15 and 15 Schnellladeströme Normalladeströme)
8. Monitoring of voltage / current and stop criterion possible via serial interface
9. Test modes for calibration

ReFlex Charger Technical data:

• Operating voltage: 9 V .. 15 V
• Charging current: 0 .. 6 A
• Charging voltage: 0.5 V .. 8 V (at 12 V operating voltage, up to 4 cell NiCd / NiMH cells, 5)

The voltage source must be able to deliver enough power for the respective charge. With a 12 V / 1 A (= 12 W) power supply, for example, a single battery cell at generously estimated charging voltage of 2 V with a maximum of 6 A load. When two cells are then on the other hand, only 3 A possible.

Images:

Voltage profile during charging of a AA nickel-cadmium cell of Panasonic 1000 mAh nominal capacity. was measured with the internal 10 bit AD converter on the internal reference voltage of about 2:56 V. The measured value was determined by averaging from 32 AD implementations. Clearly, the quantization of the AD converter can be identified.



Voltage profile during charging of a AA nickel-metal hydride cell of Sanyo 2300 mAh nominal capacity:



Schematic and Layout: (Click to more Large)

To use the replica circuits / parts list / layouts from the current project folder, as showing the pictures shown here may be older.
References and improvement are grateful to be included and provide feedback on the successful reproduction would be very happy of course.






Part LIst :


Important information on reproduction and commissioning:

• All the conductors who lead the charge current should be increased by an additional copper wire (see picture).

• The coil must not be used at the adjusted maximum charge / discharge current in the saturation.
• The shunt resistor must be sized so as to fall at the maximum possible charge current maximum of 0125 V. For example, 4 x 15 mm resistance wire with 5 Ohm / m -> maximum charging current = 6.7 A.
• After the first full mounting should Test-/Kalibrierungs-Firmware partly filled and the fuse bits - are set as described in the documentation -.
• After setting up the normal firmware must be programmed two constants in the EEPROM (see instructions):
• I_charge_factor determined (the charge current levels), depending on the shunt resistor
• T_discharge_factor determined (the reflex-discharge), depending on the coil inductance and the voltage divider R13, R14.
• The correct determination of these two constants is described in the instructions. As long as the constants are not yet programmed, the charger after power is immediately change to the error state (all LED flashing fast).
• The supply voltage must be able to provide the average charging power available during the operation and must not fall below the minimum operating voltage, otherwise the P-MOSFET can not be connected properly and will destroy this may cause.
• At a charging current of about 2 amps, the MOSFETs are "lukewarm". If a MOSFET are very hot, there is a fault in the construction.

Download: (schematics, firmware, instructions and sample programs for PC Communications)

Current Version:
trxcharger_0.1.4c_all.zip

Schematics AVR ICSP Adapter

AVR ICSP Adapter
Programming adapter for Atmel AVR controllers for the parallel interface

Disclaimer

1. Each uses the information provided at your own risk. Each uses the information provided at your own risk.
2. I am liable in any way for any damages incurred by the circuits or other information from my side. I am liable in any way for damage caused by the circuits or other information from my side incurred.
3. I assume no warranty and no guarantee function for error-free. I assume no warranty and no guarantee function for error-free.
4. The indicated circuits can only be put into operation by a professional who has the necessary knowledge of electronics and knows the relevant safety regulations. The indicated circuits may one expert put into operation by which only the necessary knowledge of electronics and has appropriate safety knows.

Image After Assembly :






Description:

• Programming adapter for PC parallel port for programming of Atmel AVR microcontrollers.
• The programming software can be used as Ponyprog. The programming software can be used as Ponyprog.
• The green LED indicates whether power supply is on the adapter, the red lights during the programming process. The green LED indicates the operating voltage is applied Whether to the adapter, the red lights during the programming process.
• The operating voltage is supplied from the programmable circuit. The operating voltage, the programmable circuit supplied by.
• Both the 10-pin and the 6-pin Atmel AVR programming interface is brought out. Both the 10-pin and the 6-pin Atmel AVR programming interface is brought out.

Board Schematics Top View :




Schematic and Layout :


Part List :

Schematics USB Joy Adapter

USB Adapter for Gameport Joysticks and Atari, C64, Amiga Joysticks

Introduction:

JoyAdapter is for connecting an analog gameport joystick or a digital (atari, c64, amiga ...) joystick to the USB port.
The firmware is based on the MJoy-project from Mindaugas Milasauskas which is based on the USB firmware from Igor Cesko.
No additional software or driver is needed - just plug and play.


Features:

• Supports analog gameport joysticks and digital joysticks (atari, c64, amiga ...)
• No driver required
• USB powered

JOY ADAPTER SCHEMATICS AFTER ASSEMBLY :

ADAPTER SCHEMATICS FRONT VIEW

ADAPTER SCHEMATICS SIDE VIEW

ADAPTER SCHEMATICS BACK VIEW

Changes, Modifications:

• Interrupt pin is now connected to "D-" line because due to the 1.5 kOhm resistor it is more robust against electrical interference
• Modified "INT0Handler" - removed possible deadlock situation if wrong interrupts occur
• Modified "SendPreparedUSBAnswer" - level changes of "D+" and "D-" lines at same time instance
• ReportDescriptor now describes a simple joystick with X/Y (8bit) and two buttons with transmission of data in one report only
• String reported to windows is not resctricted to 4 characters anymore (the solution for this problem was posted on the USB-IF Developers Discussion Forum by "Grendel")

PART LIST :



SCHEMATICS JOY ADAPTER : (click for more large)